UNIT -I: Basic forces for indicating instruments

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Introduction - Permanent moving coil instrument- Shunts and Multipliers - Moving iron instruments, Errors in measurements - Construction and operating principles of attraction and repulsion types - Wheat stone bridge Kelvin’s double bridge - Maxwell’s bridge, Hay’s bridge, Wein bridge

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UNIT -II: Structural Instrumentation

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Classification of transducers - Capacitive, inductive, photo electric transducer - LVDT ,velocity transducer  (pages 1 to 10) - Load cell, Hydraulic load cell - Pneumatic load cell, Torque meter - Load cells using strain gauges - Elastic force transducers, Elcometer - Cathode ray tube, Principle of operation - X-Y recorder, Strip chart recorder, Galvanometric type strip chart recorder (pages 1- 5)

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UNIT -III: Motion Measurements

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Relative motion measuring devices - Vibration measurements - Principle of seismic instruments - Displacement measurements, Acceleration measurement - Velocity measurement Time and frequency measurement - Angular motion measurement, Eddy current drag cup tachometer - Optical methods Hall Effect Sensors -Pneumatic gauges Pneumatic Comparator- Surface roughness measurements - Stylus method ,Photo electric type tachometer

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UNIT -IV: Environmental pollution

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Orsat apparatus (Video Explanation) ,Gas chromatograph - Measurement of automobile emission, stack emission - Viscosity measurement ,Capillary tube viscometer (animation)- Liquid level measurement, Rotameter type viscometer - Efflux viscometer, Slight glass method - Capacitance type liquid gauge - Ultrasonic liquid level gauge

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UNIT -V: Flow measurements

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VIDEO LINKS:

Primary methods - Ultrasonic flow meter, Electromagnetic flow meter - Turbine flow meter - Lobed impeller meter, Rotary vane flow meter

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NOTES:

Flow meters